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AU LLM Entrance Exam 2025: IPC/BNS Important Cases

Hritik Mehrotra 0



AU LLM Entrance Exam 2025: IPC/BNS Important Cases

AU LLM Entrance Exam 2025: Detailed Syllabus & Topics to Study

Offenses Against the Person

  1. Rv. Govinda (1876)

    • Forum: Bombay High Court
    • Topic: Culpable Homicide vs. Murder (Sections 299, 300)
    • Significance: Distinguished culpable homicide from murder based on intention and degree of harm.

  2. Virsa Singh v. State of Punjab (1958)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Murder (Section 300)
    • Significance: Established the test for Clause 3 of Section 300 (intention to cause bodily injury likely to cause death).

  3. State of Andhra Pradesh v. Rayavarapu Punnayya (1976)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Culpable Homicide vs. Murder (Sections 299, 300)
    • Significance: Clarified distinction focusing on the probability of death.

  4. Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Death Penalty (Section 302)
    • Significance: Introduced the “rarest of rare” doctrine for death penalty cases.

  5. K.M. Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra (1962)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Grave and Sudden Provocation (Exception 1 to Section 300)
    • Significance: Defined the test for provocation as a defense in murder cases.

  6. Queen Empress v. Abdullah (1885)

    • Forum: Allahabad High Court
    • Topic: Grievous Hurt (Section 320)
    • Significance: Emphasized medical evidence in determining grievous hurt.

  7. Tukaram v. State of Maharashtra (1979)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Rape (Section 375)
    • Significance: Led to rape law reforms after controversial acquittal in the Mathura case.

  8. State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh (1996)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Rape (Section 376)
    • Significance: Stressed sensitive handling of rape cases and victim credibility.

  9. Mukesh & Another v. State for NCT of Delhi (2017)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Rape, Murder (Sections 376, 302)
    • Significance: Upheld death penalties in the Nirbhaya case, reinforcing deterrence.

  10. Priya Patel v. State of Madhya Pradesh (2006)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Rape (Section 375)
    • Significance: Ruled a woman cannot be charged with rape under IPC.

  11. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Unnatural Offenses (Section 377)
    • Significance: Decriminalized consensual homosexual acts.

  12. State of Karnataka v. Muralidhar (2009)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Unnatural Offenses (Section 377)
    • Significance: Preceded Section 377’s partial decriminalization.

  13. Joseph Shine v. Union of India (2018)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Adultery (Section 497)
    • Significance: Struck down Section 497 as unconstitutional.

  14. Om Prakash v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1960)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Dowry Death (Section 304B)
    • Significance: Defined ingredients of dowry death and presumption of guilt.

  15. Jacob Mathew v. State of Punjab (2005)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Medical Negligence (Section 304A)
    • Significance: Set guidelines for prosecuting doctors for negligence.

  16. Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Attempt to Suicide (Section 309)
    • Significance: Upheld Section 309’s constitutionality, sparking reform debates.

  17. Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan (1997)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Sexual Harassment (Sections 354, 509)
    • Significance: Established workplace sexual harassment guidelines.

  18. State of Karnataka v. Krishnappa (2000)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Sentencing in Rape Cases (Section 376)
    • Significance: Advocated for stringent rape sentencing.

  19. Mithu v. State of Punjab (1983)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Mandatory Death Penalty (Section 303)
    • Significance: Struck down mandatory death penalty as unconstitutional.

  20. State of Madhya Pradesh v. Shyamsunder Trivedi (1995)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Custodial Violence (Sections 330, 331)
    • Significance: Condemned custodial torture and stressed accountability.

Offenses Against Property

  1. Emperor v. Shivaswami (1927)

    • Forum: Bombay High Court
    • Topic: Theft (Section 378)
    • Significance: Defined theft requiring dishonest intent and movement of property.

  2. Kharak Nath v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1980)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Robbery (Section 390)
    • Significance: Differentiated theft, extortion, and robbery.

  3. State of Maharashtra v. Chandrabhan (2014)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Cheating (Section 415)
    • Significance: Clarified deception and inducement as elements of cheating.

  4. State of Maharashtra v. Bharat Fakira Dhiwar (2001)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Kidnapping (Section 363)
    • Significance: Distinguished kidnapping from abduction based on age.

  5. State of Haryana v. Raja Ram (1973)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Abduction (Section 362)
    • Significance: Defined abduction as compelling or inducing movement.

  6. Mohd. Hanif Quareshi v. State of Bihar (1958)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Mischief by Killing Animals (Section 429)
    • Significance: Upheld cow slaughter bans balancing religious and economic factors.

  7. Ram Narain Poply v. CBI (2003)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Criminal Breach of Trust (Section 405)
    • Significance: Clarified entrustment and misappropriation as key elements.

  8. Shyam Behari v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1956)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Extortion (Section 383)
    • Significance: Defined extortion as inducing fear to obtain property.

  9. Pyare Lal Bhargava v. State of Rajasthan (1963)

    • Forum: Supreme Court of India
    • Topic: Criminal Misappropriation (Section 403)
    • Significance: Established dishonest intention as essential for misappropriation.

30. Bishundayal v. State of Bihar (1981)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Forgery (Section 463)
  • Significance: Clarified that intent to deceive is the essential element of forgery
Offenses Against Public
Order

31. Kedar Nath Singh v. State of Bihar (1962)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Sedition (Section 124A)
  • Significance: Restricted the application of sedition to acts inciting violence or public disorder.

32. Pandurang v. State of Hyderabad (1955)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Common Object (Section 149)
  • Significance: Held members of an unlawful assembly liable for acts done in pursuance of the common object.

33. Reg. v. Idu Beg (1881)

  • Forum: Allahabad High Court
  • Topic: Common Intention (Section 34)
  • Significance: Established that proof of common intention must be shown through conduct.

34. Emperor v. Mushnooru Suryanarayana Murthy (1912)

  • Forum: Madras High Court
  • Topic: Criminal Conspiracy (Section 120A)
  • Significance: Defined conspiracy as an agreement to commit an illegal act.

35. Ramlila Maidan Incident v. Home Secretary (2012)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Public Nuisance (Section 268)
  • Significance: Balanced public order considerations with the constitutional right to assembly.

36. Ramji Lal Modi v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1957)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Outraging Religious Feelings (Section 295A)
  • Significance: Upheld Section 295A, requiring a clear intent to outrage religious feelings.

37. State of Uttar Pradesh v. Lalai Singh Yadav (1976)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Defamation (Section 499)
  • Significance: Defined exceptions to defamation, especially protections for public servants.

38. Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Obscenity (Section 292) & IT Act Section 66A
  • Significance: Struck down Section 66A of IT Act, impacting online obscenity laws and freedom of speech.

39. Maina Singh v. State of Rajasthan (1976)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Rioting (Section 146)
  • Significance: Clarified that use of force is a key element of rioting.

40. Anand Dev v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1962)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Unlawful Assembly (Section 141)
  • Significance: Defined the intent necessary for an assembly to be unlawful.

Procedural and Evidentiary Issues

41. State of Maharashtra v. Mohd. Yakub (1980)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Attempt (Section 511)
  • Significance: Distinguished mere preparation from a criminal attempt based on how close the accused was to completing the crime.

42. State of Bombay v. Kathi Kalu Oghad (1961)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Self-Incrimination (Related to IPC Investigations)
  • Significance: Allowed handwriting samples without violating Article 20(3) protection against self-incrimination.

43. Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Self-Incrimination (Narco-analysis, Polygraph Tests)
  • Significance: Barred involuntary narco-analysis, polygraph, and brain mapping tests.

44. Lalita Kumari v. Government of Uttar Pradesh (2014)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: FIR Registration (Cognizable Offenses)
  • Significance: Mandated compulsory registration of FIRs for cognizable offenses.

45. Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar (2014)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Arrest Procedures
  • Significance: Prevented arbitrary arrests, especially in minor cases.

46. Prem Shankar Shukla v. Delhi Administration (1980)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Handcuffing
  • Significance: Restricted handcuffing of accused to protect their dignity and liberty.

47. Rudul Sah v. State of Bihar (1983)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Compensation for Illegal Detention (Section 342)
  • Significance: Awarded compensation for wrongful and illegal imprisonment.

48. State of Rajasthan v. Balchand (1977)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Bail
  • Significance: Established the principle “Bail is the rule, jail is the exception.”

49. Sunil Batra v. Delhi Administration (1978)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Prisoners’ Rights (Section 56)
  • Significance: Protected prisoners against inhumane treatment like solitary confinement.

50. Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar (1979)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Speedy Trial (Delay in IPC Cases)
  • Significance: Recognized speedy trial as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution.
Additional Landmark 
Cases (Various Topics)

51. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Personal Liberty (Related to IPC Procedures)
  • Significance: Expanded Article 21 to ensure fair procedures.

52. Nandini Satpathy v. P.L. Dani (1978)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Right to Silence (Related to IPC Interrogations)
  • Significance: Upheld the right against self-incrimination.

53. PUDR v. Union of India (1982)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Bonded Labor (Section 374 IPC)
  • Significance: Strengthened protections against forced labor.

54. Gaurav Jain v. Union of India (1997)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Trafficking (Section 370 IPC)
  • Significance: Addressed rehabilitation in trafficking cases.

55. Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum (1985)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Maintenance (Related to IPC Neglect)
  • Significance: Extended maintenance rights to divorced Muslim women.

56. State of West Bengal v. Anwar Ali Sarkar (1952)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Equality Before Law (Related to IPC Application)
  • Significance: Ensured equal application of criminal law.

57. Romesh Thappar v. State of Madras (1950)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Freedom of Speech (Section 124A IPC)
  • Significance: Protected free speech against restrictive laws.

58. State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain (1975)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Criminal Contempt (Section 228 IPC)
  • Significance: Balanced free speech and contempt of court.

59. Sushil Sharma v. State (NCT of Delhi) (2014)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Murder (Section 302 IPC)
  • Significance: Upheld life imprisonment in the Tandoor murder case.

60. D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Custodial Death (Sections 330, 331 IPC)
  • Significance: Issued guidelines to prevent custodial violence.

61. Kehar Singh v. State (1988)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Conspiracy to Murder (Sections 120B, 302 IPC)
  • Significance: Upheld conviction in Indira Gandhi assassination case.

62. Barendra Kumar Ghosh v. King Emperor (1925)

  • Forum: Privy Council
  • Topic: Common Intention (Section 34 IPC)
  • Significance: Established joint liability in criminal acts.

63. Ranjitsing Brahmajeetsing Sharma v. State of Maharashtra (2005)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Criminal Conspiracy (Section 120B IPC)
  • Significance: Linked conspiracy to organized crime.

64. Zahira Habibullah Sheikh v. State of Gujarat (2004)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Fair Trial (IPC Prosecutions)
  • Significance: Ordered retrial in the Best Bakery case for justice.

65. Sodhi Transport Co. v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1986)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Presumption of Innocence (IPC Trials)
  • Significance: Reinforced burden of proof on prosecution.

66. State of Gujarat v. Mirzapur Moti Kureshi Kassab Jamat (2005)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Mischief by Killing Animals (Section 429 IPC)
  • Significance: Upheld broader cow slaughter bans.

67. Rattan Lal v. State of Punjab (1965)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Juvenile Offenders (IPC Application)
  • Significance: Emphasized lenient treatment for minors.

68. Hardeep Singh v. State of Punjab (2014)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Joinder of Accused (Section 34 IPC)
  • Significance: Clarified adding accused in joint trials.

69. State of Orissa v. Ram Bahadur Thapa (1960)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Private Defense (Section 96 IPC)
  • Significance: Defined limits of self-defense.

70. Emperor v. Dhirajia (1940)

  • Forum: Allahabad High Court
  • Topic: Infanticide (Section 315 IPC)
  • Significance: Addressed intent to prevent a child from being born alive.

71. Bhawani Singh v. State of Madhya Pradesh (1978)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Dacoity (Section 391 IPC)
  • Significance: Clarified participation of five or more persons.

72. State of Tamil Nadu v. Nalini (1999)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Murder Conspiracy (Sections 120B, 302 IPC)
  • Significance: Sentenced accused in Rajiv Gandhi assassination.

73. R v. Dudley and Stephens (1884)

  • Forum: English Court (Influential Precedent in India)
  • Topic: Necessity (Section 81 IPC)
  • Significance: Rejected necessity as a defense to murder.

74. State of Punjab v. Balbir Singh (1994)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Search and Seizure (IPC Investigations)
  • Significance: Set guidelines for lawful searches.

75. Sheela Barse v. State of Maharashtra (1983)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Women Prisoners (Related to IPC Arrests)
  • Significance: Protected rights of female undertrials.

76. Kishori Lal v. State of Madhya Pradesh (2007)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: House Trespass (Section 441 IPC)
  • Significance: Defined unlawful entry with intent.

77. State of Uttar Pradesh v. Deoman Upadhyaya (1960)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Confessions (Related to IPC Evidence)
  • Significance: Ruled extra-judicial confessions admissible if corroborated.

78. Brij Bhushan v. State of Delhi (1950)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Sedition (Section 124A IPC)
  • Significance: Restricted pre-censorship of seditious material.

79. Ranjit D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra (1965)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Obscenity (Section 292 IPC)
  • Significance: Defined obscenity under the Hicklin test.

80. Satya Narayan Sharma v. State of Rajasthan (2001)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Dowry Harassment (Section 498A IPC)
  • Significance: Clarified misuse of dowry laws.

81. State of Maharashtra v. Som Nath Thapa (1996)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Criminal Conspiracy (Section 120B IPC)
  • Significance: Required prima facie evidence for conspiracy charges.

82. Santosh Kumar Satishbhushan Bariyar v. State of Maharashtra (2009)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Death Penalty (Section 302 IPC)
  • Significance: Refined the “rarest of rare” doctrine.

83. Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab (1983)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Death Penalty (Section 302 IPC)
  • Significance: Expanded criteria for “rarest of rare” cases.

84. Harendra Sarkar v. State of Assam (2008)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Evidence in Rape Cases (Section 376 IPC)
  • Significance: Allowed conviction based on sole testimony if reliable.

85. State of Himachal Pradesh v. Gian Chand (2001)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Burden of Proof (IPC Trials)
  • Significance: Reinforced prosecution’s burden in circumstantial cases.

86. Pawan Kumar v. State of Haryana (1998)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Bride Burning (Section 304B IPC)
  • Significance: Strengthened dowry death prosecutions.

87. State of Punjab v. Iqbal Singh (1991)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Dowry Death (Section 304B IPC)
  • Significance: Upheld convictions based on circumstantial evidence.

88. Sushil Kumar Sharma v. Union of India (2005)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Cruelty by Husband (Section 498A IPC)
  • Significance: Warned against misuse of Section 498A.

89. Independent Thought v. Union of India (2017)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Rape in Marriage (Section 375 Exception)
  • Significance: Struck down marital rape exception for minors.

90. Lily Thomas v. Union of India (2000)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Bigamy (Section 494 IPC)
  • Significance: Invalidated conversions to evade bigamy laws.

91. State of Kerala v. Raneef (2011)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Bail in Serious Offenses (Related to IPC)
  • Significance: Balanced bail rights with societal safety.

92. Ajmal Kasab v. State of Maharashtra (2012)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Waging War (Section 121 IPC)
  • Significance: Upheld death penalty in the 26/11 Mumbai attacks.

93. Subramanian Swamy v. Union of India (2016)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Defamation (Section 499 IPC)
  • Significance: Upheld criminal defamation laws.

94. Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Euthanasia (Section 306 IPC)
  • Significance: Allowed passive euthanasia under strict conditions.

95. Common Cause v. Union of India (2018)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Euthanasia (Section 306 IPC)
  • Significance: Legalized passive euthanasia with guidelines.

96. State of Maharashtra v. Baldev Singh (1998)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Arrest and Detention (Related to IPC)
  • Significance: Reinforced procedural safeguards for arrests.

97. Ram Lakhan Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1977)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Private Defense (Section 97 IPC)
  • Significance: Extended self-defense to property protection.

98. Jagdish Prasad v. State of Bihar (1974)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Hurt (Section 323 IPC)
  • Significance: Clarified simple hurt as a bailable offence.

99. State of Andhra Pradesh v. Cheemalapati Ganeswara Rao (1963)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Abetment (Section 107, IPC)
  • Significance: Defined instigation as a key element of abetment.

100. Emperor v. Chhote Lal (1912)

  • Forum: Allahabad High Court
  • Topic: Criminal Intimidation (Section 503, IPC)
  • Significance: Established threat perception as central to criminal intimidation.

101. State of Madhya Pradesh v. Laxmi Narayan (2019)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Compounding of Offenses (IPC related)
  • Significance: Allowed compounding of certain offenses under specific conditions.

102. Kalu Ram v. State of Rajasthan (1976)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Wrongful Restraint (Section 339, IPC)
  • Significance: Defined obstruction as an essential element in wrongful restraint.

103. State of Gujarat v. Mohanlal Jitamalji Porwal (1987)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Sentencing Principles (IPC related)
  • Significance: Emphasized the importance of proportionate punishment in sentencing.

104. R v. Khandu (1890)

  • Forum: Bombay High Court
  • Topic: Causing Miscarriage (Section 312, IPC)
  • Significance: Addressed intent in abortion-related offenses.

105. State of Punjab v. Major Singh (1967)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Outraging Modesty (Section 354, IPC)
  • Significance: Defined acts that outrage a woman’s modesty.

106. S. Varadarajan v. State of Madras (1965)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Kidnapping from Guardianship (Section 361, IPC)
  • Significance: Required active enticement for kidnapping charge.

107. R v. Prince (1875) (Applied in Indian Context)

  • Forum: English Court (Influential Precedent)
  • Topic: Mistake of Fact (Section 79, IPC)
  • Significance: Established reasonable belief as a valid defense.

108. State of Maharashtra v. Rajendra Jawanmal Gandhi (1997)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Corroboration in Rape Cases (Section 376, IPC)
  • Significance: Allowed conviction based solely on victim testimony.

109. Bhawal Sahu v. State of Madhya Pradesh (1985)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Housebreaking (Section 445, IPC)
  • Significance: Defined the essential elements of housebreaking.

110. R v. Tolson (1889) (Applied in Indian Context)

  • Forum: English Court (Influential Precedent)
  • Topic: Mistake of Fact (Section 76, IPC)
  • Significance: Validated honest mistake as a defense.

111. State of Uttar Pradesh v. Kaushalya (1964)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Prostitution (Section 372, IPC related)
  • Significance: Addressed exploitation of minors in prostitution cases.

112. Kanu Biswas v. State of West Bengal (1972)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Insanity Defense (Section 84, IPC)
  • Significance: Defined legal insanity at the time of the offense.

113. State of Madhya Pradesh v. Ahmadulla (1961)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Evidence of Accomplice (IPC related)
  • Significance: Required corroboration for accomplice testimony.

114. R v. McNaughten (1843) (Applied in Indian Context)

  • Forum: English Court (Influential Precedent)
  • Topic: Insanity (Section 84, IPC)
  • Significance: Established the McNaughten Rules for insanity defense.

115. State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal (1992)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Quashing FIRs (IPC related)
  • Significance: Set guidelines for quashing frivolous or malicious FIRs.

116. Emperor v. Nga Tun Hla (1925)

  • Forum: Rangoon High Court
  • Topic: Abetment by Conspiracy (Section 107, IPC)
  • Significance: Linked abetment to overt acts supporting conspiracy.

117. R v. Hicklin (1868) (Applied in Indian Context)

  • Forum: English Court (Influential Precedent)
  • Topic: Obscenity (Section 292, IPC)
  • Significance: Provided the original Hicklin test for obscenity.

118. State of Bihar v. Nathu Pandey (1970)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Joint Liability (Section 34, IPC)
  • Significance: Reinforced shared intent in group criminal liability.

119. Dalbir Singh v. State of Punjab (1979)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Drunkenness (Section 85, IPC)
  • Significance: Defined involuntary intoxication as a defense.

120. State of Rajasthan v. Hat Singh (2003)

  • Forum: Supreme Court of India
  • Topic: Religious Offenses (Section 295, IPC)
  • Significance: Protected religious sentiments from deliberate harm.
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